Advances in experimental myopic guinea pig models / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The prevalence of myopia is increasing year by year, seriously affecting the public's quality of life. To date, various animal models of myopia have been established to explore the pathogenesis of myopia. Guinea pigs have obvious advantages in myopia research. At present, guinea pigs are the most common myopia animal model in Asian laboratories, but different modeling methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Understanding different modeling methods is conducive to selecting appropriate animal models and matching different research purposes, which makes the research results more persuasive. In this paper, the different modeling methods and characteristics of guinea pig myopia model in recent years, as well as the changes of ocular histomorphology in guinea pigs are briefly reviewed, with a view to providing some reference for further study of the molecular mechanism of myopia occurrence and development and finding new treatment strategies.

Double-column Die-punch fractures of distal radius treated with butterfly plate fixation via Henry approach / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical effect of open reduction and internal fixation with Henry's approach butterfly plate in treating double-column Die-punch fractures of distal radius.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to June 2021, 26 patients with double-column Die-column distal radius were treated with open reduction and internal fixation through Henry's surgical approach and using distal radius volar column plate(butterfly plate), including 14 males and 12 females, aged from 20 to 75 years old with an average age of (44.2±3.4) years old. Postopertaive complications were observed, Gartland-Werley score at 12 months after opertaion was used to evaluate wrist joint function.@*RESULTS@#All 26 patients were followed up from 10 to 18 months with an average of(13.4±0.8) months. All fractures were obtained fracture union, the time ranged from 8.5 to 15.8 weeks with an average of (11.4±0.5) weeks. All incisions healed at stageⅠwithout infection, nerve injury and internal fixation failure occurred. Postoperative Gartland-Werley score at 12 months was (3.65±0.36), and 16 patients got excellent result, 8 good and 2 moderate.@*CONCLUSION@#Open reduction and internal fixation with butterfly plate for the treatment of double-column Die-punch fractures of the distal radius through volar Henry approach could obtain satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Effects of low-energy red light on choroidal thickness and spherical equivalent and axial length in myopic children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To systematically evaluate the effects of low-energy red light on choroidal thickness(ChT), spherical equivalent(SE), and axial length(AL)in myopic children.METHODS: A total of 8 databases, including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Database, VIP Database and China Biomedical Literature Database, were electronically retrieved to collect the clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT)of low-energy red light in myopia, with red light intervention as an experimental group and glasses as a control group. The retrieval time limit is from the establishment of the database to January 2023. According to the recommendation of the Cochrane Handbook, literature quality and risk of bias were evaluated. Revman5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis.RESULTS: Totally 8 RCT about red-light treatment with myopia were included. The sample size for ChT analysis contained 407 eyes in the red-light group and 425 eyes in the control group; SE analysis included 490 eyes in the red-light group and 518 eyes in the control group; sample size for AL analysis were 518 eyes in the red-light group and 539 eyes in the control group. The differences in ChT, SE and AL between the groups were statistically significant(ChT: WMD=37.81, 95%CI: 21.55～54.07, P<0.001; SE: WMD=0.58, 95%CI: 0.46～0.71, P<0.001; AL: WMD=-0.31, 95%CI: -0.39～-0.24, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Specific red light can promote the increase of ChT while inhibit SE and AL. However, its long-term efficacy and side effects remain unclear. The above conclusions need to be further clarified by more RCT with large samples.

Research progress of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway regulated retinal oxidative stress / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Oxidative stress(OS)is a major reason for body damage. Studies have shown that a variety of factors, such as ischemia and hypoxia, excessive light and hyperglycemia can cause the increase of reactive oxygen species and free radicals in the retina, thus inducing OS, damaging retina and affecting the normal visual function. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1)and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(NRF2), which together constitute the main antioxidant stress signaling pathway in the body, play an antioxidant role by regulating retinal energy metabolism and cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy through various ways, so as to reduce retinal damage caused by OS. In this paper, the role and mechanism of the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway regulation of OS in the retinal are briefly reviewed, aiming to provide ideas for subsequent research.

Meta-analysis of the effect of different concentrations of atropine inhibiting spherical equivalent degree and axial length of myopia in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To systematically evaluate the effects of 0.01%, 0.025% and 0.05% ophthalmic atropine on the change of spherical equivalent(SE)degree and axial length(AL)of myopic children. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP and CBM were searched for all publications related to 0.01%, 0.025% and 0.05% atropine to control myopia simultaneously. The publication time is from the database construction to May 2022. The Cochrane handbook was used to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of the included literature, STATA12.0 was used to detect publication bias and Revman5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 6 literatures(1 239 eyes)were included, with 5 randomized controlled trials and 1 case-control study. Meta-analysis results showed that 0.025% atropine had better inhibitory effect on SE and AL than 0.01% atropine(SE: WMD=-0.15, 95%CI: -0.23--0.06, P<0.001; AL: WMD=0.07, 95%CI: 0.03-0.10, P<0.001). The inhibitory effect of 0.05% atropine on SE and AL was better than 0.01% atropine(SE: WMD=-0.35, 95%CI: -0.44--0.26, P<0.001; AL: WMD=0.16, 95%CI: 0.12-0.20, P<0.001). The inhibitory effect of 0.05% atropine on SE and AL increase was better than 0.025% atropine(SE: WMD=-0.20, 95%CI: -0.28--0.11, P<0.001; AL: WMD=0.09, 95%CI: 0.06-0.12, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The concentration of 0.05% atropine is superior to 0.01% and 0.025% atropine in the control of SE and AL. However, the side effects of long-term use remain to be observed.

Clinical application of capsular tension ring / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

As an in-bag filling device, capsular tension ring(CTR)has played an important role in cataract surgery. Maintaining the circular contour of the capsular bag and improving the safety of surgery is the original intention of CTR design, and then it was found to have better effects in inhibiting posterior capsular opacity and capsular bag shrinkage, and enhancing the stability of intraocular lenses. After nearly 30a of improvement and development, CTR has been derived into a variety of types, and its clinical application has gradually expanded. In particular, CTR can be used in complex cataract surgery to reduce intraoperative risk and improve postoperative outcomes. In the present paper, the implantation timing, indications and complications of CTR were summarized, and the progress in clinical application in recent years was briefly reviewed.

Correlation between postoperative decentration and tilt of aspherical intraocular lens implantation and visual quality / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the correlation between postoperative lens decentration and tilt and visual quality in eyes implanted with aspherical intraocular lens(IOL)by using a new anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography(OCT)CASIA2.METHODS: An observational study. A total of 90 eyes of 62 participants who underwent age-related cataract surgery at 1mo were included. Using CASIA2 by an experienced examiner, IOL tilt and decentration were obtained three consecutive times after mydriasis and the vector mean values were calculated. Double-pass optical quality analysis system(OQAS)and wavefront aberration instrument KR-1W were used for the visual quality measurements, including the total high-order aberration(tHOA), spherical aberration(SA), Coma, objective scatter index(OSI), modulation transfer function cut off frequency(MTF cut off)and Strehl ratio(SR)at 4 and 6mm pupil diameter.RESULTS: IOL decentration was positively correlated with SA(r=0.347, P=0.001)and OSI(r=0.343, P=0.002)at 4mm pupil diameter, and it was negatively correlated with MTF cut off(r=-0.244, P=0.032). There was no significant correlation between IOL decentration and tHOA, Coma and SR. IOL tilt was negatively correlated with MTF cut off(r=0.-345, P=0.002)and SR(r=-0.256, P=0.023)at 4mm pupil diameter, but it was not correlated with tHOA, SA, Coma and OSI. There were no significant correlations between the IOL decentration and tilt and tHOA, SA, Coma, MTF cut off and SR at 6mm pupil diameter.CONCLUSION: After aspherical IOL implantation in age-related cataract patients, IOL decentration was weakly correlated with SA at 4mm pupil diameter, while decentration and tilt were not significantly correlated with other higher-order aberrations. The decentration and tilt were weakly correlated with OSI value and MTF cut off value of the visual quality parameters. The results suggest that clinicians should pay more attention to higher-order aberrations and visual quality during precise cataract surgery.

Research progress of the dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling pathways in myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia has become a global public health concern. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Dopamine and acetylcholine, as important neurotransmitters in retina, play a critical role in the formation and inhibition of experimental myopia by binding to specific receptors respectively. Simultaneously, the mechanisms of related signaling pathways during myopia have attracted much attention. Most studies have identified that dopamine and acetylcholine receptor antagonists could inhibit the development of experimental myopiato some extent. Furthermore, pharmacological experiments have suggested that the two signaling pathways cross and influence each other, and there may be common mediators. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the recent researches on dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling pathways and their association during myopia, to provide references for further insights into pathogenesis as well as the prevention and treatment of myopia.

Clinical effect of tacrolimus in the treatment of myasthenia gravis in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in the treatment of children with myasthenia gravis (MG).@*METHODS@#A total of 28 children with MG were treated with tacrolimus. MG-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scale was used to assess clinical outcome and safety after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment.@*RESULTS@#After tacrolimus treatment, the MG-ADL score at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was lower than that at baseline (P<0.05), and the MG-ADL score showed a gradually decreasing trend. The response rates to tacrolimus treatment at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 59%, 81%, 84%, 88%, and 88% respectively. At 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of treatment, 4, 13, 14, and 15 children respectively were withdrawn from prednisone. No recurrence was observed during treatment. Major adverse reactions/events were asymptomatic reduction in blood magnesium in 5 children and positive urine occult blood in 1 child, which turned negative without special treatment, and tacrolimus was not stopped due to such adverse reactions/events. One child was withdrawn from tacrolimus due to recurrent vomiting. According to CYP3A5 genotypes, all of the patients were divided into two groups: slow metabolic type (n=19) and non-slow metabolic type (fast metabolic type + intermediate type; n=9). The non-slow metabolism group received a higher dose of tacrolimus, but had a lower trough concentration of tacrolimus than the slow metabolism group (P<0.05). The slow metabolism group had a higher response rates to tacrolimus treatment than the non-slow metabolism group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Tacrolimus appears to be effective and safe in the treatment of children with MG and is thus an option for immunosuppressive therapy. CYP3A5 genotyping has a certain guiding significance for determining the dosage of tacrolimus.

Artificial intelligence-based bone age assessment using deep learning of characteristic regions in digital hand radiograph / 中华放射学杂志

Objective@#To detect the feasibility and efficiency of bone age(BA) artificial intelligence(AI) estimation based on deep learning features from traditional regions of interest(ROI) in hand digital radiographs(DR).@*Methods@#BA dataset of left hand DR with 11 858 subjects aged from 0 to 18 years in Children′s Hospital of Shanghai were split to training(80.0%) and validation (20.0%) set in this study. An improved regression convolutional neural networks and extreme gradient boosting decision tree method were utilized for the BA analysis based on traditional ROIs in the images. Another set of BA data with 1 229 subjects also in the hospital was adopted for test. Mean average precision(mAP) and mean absolute error(MAE) were used to assess model accuracy of detection and BA prediction, respectively.@*Results@#The mAP of ROIs detection of the model was 0.91,and MAE of all male and female subjects was 0.461 and 0.431 years respectively in validation and test sets. The difference less than 1 year in test accounted for 90.07% between BA assessment of the model and of the peadiatric radiologists, with an accuracy rate of 96.67%.The difference over 1 year was 9.03% (with underestimation of 6.43% and overestimation of 2.60%), in which corresponding age data was of being less in training set or sesamoid nearby adductor pollicis or fusion of epiphysis appeared in test set.@*Conclusion@#An AI model based on deep learning of traditional ROIs′ features in hand DR images is initially achieved to automatically predict BA rapidly and effectively, yet it still needs further optimization.

Artificial intelligence?based bone age assessment using deep learning of characteristic regions in digital hand radiograph / 中华放射学杂志

s] Objective To detect the feasibility and efficiency of bone age(BA) artificial intelligence(AI) estimation based on deep learning features from traditional regions of interest(ROI) in hand digital radiographs(DR). Methods BA dataset of left hand DR with 11 858 subjects aged from 0 to 18 years in Children′s Hospital of Shanghai were split to training(80.0%) and validation (20.0%) set in this study. An improved regression convolutional neural networks and extreme gradient boosting decision tree method were utilized for the BA analysis based on traditional ROIs in the images. Another set of BA data with 1 229 subjects also in the hospital was adopted for test. Mean average precision(mAP) and mean absolute error(MAE) were used to assess model accuracy of detection and BA prediction, respectively. Results The mAP of ROIs detection of the model was 0.91,and MAE of all male and female subjects was 0.461 and 0.431 years respectively in validation and test sets. The difference less than 1 year in test accounted for 90.07% between BA assessment of the model and of the peadiatric radiologists, with an accuracy rate of 96.67%.The difference over 1 year was 9.03% (with underestimation of 6.43% and overestimation of 2.60%), in which corresponding age data was of being less in training set or sesamoid nearby adductor pollicis or fusion of epiphysis appeared in test set. Conclusion An AI model based on deep learning of traditional ROIs′features in hand DR images is initially achieved to automatically predict BA rapidly and effectively, yet it still needs further optimization.

Clinical study on the effect of warfarin on coagulation and hemorheology in patients with atrial fibrillation / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of warfarin on coagulation and hemorheology in patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods 106 cases of admitted in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2016 were randomly divided into observation group(53 cases)and control group(53 cases).The control group re-ceived routine treatment,the observation group received routine and warfarin treatment.The two groups were treated for 4 weeks.The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Before and after treat-ment,indicators of heart function,blood coagulation and hemorheology were observed.Results The total effi-ciency of observation group(92.45%)was higher than that of the control group(73.58%,P<0.05).After treatment,the TT and APTT of the two groups both increased(P<0.05);The TT and APTT of the observa-tion group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);The plasma viscosity,erythrocyte aggrega-tion index,and fibrinogen of the two groups decreased(P<0.05);The plasma viscosity,erythrocyte aggrega-tion index,fibrinogen of the observation group were lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclu-sion Warfarin has obvious curative effect on patients with atrial fibrillation,and can improve the function of blood coagulation and hemorheology.

Cloning and functional analysis of JAZ genes in Artemisia annua / 药学学报

Jasmonic acid (JA) can promote the biosynthesis of artemisinin.To have an insight into the JA signaling in Artemisia annua,two new genes belonging to JAZ family,namely AaJAZ5 and AaJAZ6,were cloned from Artemisia annua,which might be the negative regulators involved in the JA signaling pathway.Bioinformatic analysis showed that AaJAZ5 and AaJAZ6 contained the conserved domains of ZIM and Jas specific to JAZ family.According to tissue profile analysis,AaJAZ5 had the highest expression level in leaf and AaJAZ6 had the highest expression level in root.The expression levels of both AaJAZ5 and AaJAZ6 were markedly elevated by methyl jasmonate and mechanical wounding.The BiFC results indicated that AaJAZ5,as well as AaJAZ6,physically interacted with AaMYC2.Importantly,only AaJAZ5 could interact with AaCOI1.The interaction assays given by BiFC suggested that AaJAZ5 might play a crucial role in JA signaling.This study facilitated the further analysis of the functional divergence of JAZ-family members and the understanding of molecular mechanism on JA signaling to regulate the artemisinin biosynthesis.

Long term efficacy of sodium hyaluronate on the treatment of moderate knee osteoarthritis / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To analyze the long term efficacy of sodium hyaluronate on the treatment of moderate knee osteoarthritis. Methods From January 2015 to December2016 year in our hospital , 84 patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis were participated in the study, and were randomly divided into two groups, 42 cases in each group. The control group were given oral glucosamine sulfate . Based on the treatment of the control group, the observation group were received sodium hyaluronate . The long-term effect in the two groups were compared. Results The excellent rate of knee joint function recovery was 80.95% in the observation group, and 54.76% in the control group, the difference in the two groups had statistically significant, P<0.05; Three months, nine months, and one years after treatment, the knee joint function Lysholm scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group; Three months, nine months, and one years after treatment, AIMS quality of life score in the observation group was significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion The long-term effect of sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of moderate knee osteoarthritis is obvious. It can help the knee joint function to be improved significantly, and promote the quality of life of patients significantly improved. It is worth to be widely applied.

Clinical application of iodiol contrast agent in malignant tumor by spiral CT scanning combined with endoscopy / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of iohexol contrast agent in patients with malignant tumor by spiral CT scan combined with endoscopy.Methods 100 patients with pathologically confirmed malignancies were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with 50 cases in each group, the experimental group received iodohexanol contrast agent combined with spiral CT scan and endoscopy , the osmotic pressure of iohexol at 37℃600 mOsm/kg, 5 minutes before the injection of intravenous injection of 10 mg prophylaxis of dexamethasone, and then spiral CT scan was performed.The control group were treated with diatrizoate contrast agent combined with spiral CT scan and endoscopy.The osmotic pressure of diatrizoate was 1500 mOsm/kg at 37℃, and 10 mg of prophylactic drug dexamethasone was injected intravenously 5 minutes before the injection.And then a spiral CT scan was performed.Results The adverse reaction in experimental group was 4%, which was mild compared with 12% in control group ( P<0.05 ) .The tolerance and spiral CT image quality of experimental group were better than those of control group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Iohexol contrast agent, whether adverse reaction or image quality than the effect of diatrizoate contrast agent , in the spiral CT scan combined with endoscopy in patients with malignant tumors of higher clinical value, can be more accurate diagnosis of malignant tumors.

Nicorandil protects H9 c2 cardiac cells against high glucose-induced injury and inflammation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether nicorandil (Nic)protects H9c2 cardiac cells against high glucose (HG)-induced injury and inflammation by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB )/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 )pathway.Methods Cell viability was measured by cell counter kit-8 (CCK-8)assay.The expression lev-els of NF-κB,COX-2 and cleaved caspase-3 were de-termined by Western blot.The activity of lactate dehy-drogenase (LDH)in the culture medium was measured with commercial kits.The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS)was detected by 2′,7′-dichlor-fluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA)staining followed by photofluorography.The number of apoptotic cells was observed by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining followed by photofluorography.Mitochondrial membrane poten-tial (MMP)was examined by rhodamine 123 staining followed by photofluorography.The secretion levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were detected by ELISA.Results After H9 c2 cardiac cells were treated with 35 mmol · L-1 glucose (high glucose,HG)for 24 h,the cell viability was significantly decreased .Pre-treatment of the cells with 20~100 μmol·L-1 Nic for 60 min or 50 μmol· L-1 Nic for 30~120 min before exposure to HG signif-icantly attenuated the decrease in viability induced by HG.On the other hand,HG increased the expression levels of phosphorated (p)-NF-κB p65 and cyclooxy-genase-2 (COX-2 )in H9c2 cardiac cells.Pre-treat-ment of the cells with 50 μmol·L-1 Nic for 60 min at-tenuated the up-regulation of p-NF-κB p65 and COX-2 expression levels induced by HG.Furthermore,HG induced considerable injuries and inflammatory re-sponse,leading to increases in LDH activity,ROS generation,MMP loss,the number of apoptotic cells, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 as well as the se-cretion levels of IL-1βand TNF-α.Pre-treatment of the cells with 50 μmol·L-1 Nic for 60 min before HG exposure,or co-treatment of the cells with 100 μmol· L-1 PDTC (an inhibitor of NF-κB)or 10 μmol·L-1 NS-398 (an inhibitor of COX-2)and HG for 24 h ob-viously reduced the above injuries and inflammatory re-sponse induced by HG. Conclusion Nic protects H9 c2 cardiac cells against HG-induced injury and in-flammation by inhibiting NF-κB/COX-2 pathway.

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the gene encoding hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase gene from Artemisia annua L / 药学学报

Artemisinin is the first choice for malaria treatment. The plastidial MEP pathway provides 5-carbon precursors (IPP and its isomer DMAPP) for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid (including artemisinin). Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) is the last enzyme involved in the MEP pathway, which catalyzes HMBPP to form IPP and DMAPP. In this study, we isolated the full-length cDNA of HDR from Artemisia annua L. (AaHDR2) and performed functional analysis. According to gene expression analysis of AaHDR2 (GenBank:KX058541) and AaHDR1 reported ever (GenBank:ADC84348.1) by qPCR, we found that AaHDR1 and AaHDR2 had much higher expression level in trichomes than that in roots, stems, leaves and flowers. AaHDR2 had much higher expression level in flowers than that in leaves. Further, the plant hormones such as MeJA and ABA respectively up-regulated the expression level of AaHDR1 and AaHDR2 significantly, but GA3 up-regulated the expression level of AaHDR2 only. The gene expression analysis of AaHDR1 and AaHDR2 showed that AaHDR2 had a greater contribution than AaHDR1 to isoprenoid biosynthesis (including artemisinin). We used AaHDR2 for the following experiments. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that AaHDR2 belonged to the HDR family and the functional complementation assay showed that AaHDR2 did have the enzymatic function of HDR, using E. coli mutant MG1655araHDR as host cell. The subcellular localization assay showed that AaHDR2 fused with GFP at its N-terminal specifically targeted in chloroplasts. Finally, AaHDR2 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The AaHDR2-overexpressing plants produced the isoprenoids including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids at significantly higher levels than the wild-type Arabidopsis plants. In summary, AaHDR2 might be a candidate gene for genetic improvement of the isoprenoid biosynthesis.

Overexpression of NtPMT and HnH6H changed hyoscyamine-rich Atropa belladonna to scopolamine-rich varieties / 药学学报

Atropa belladonna L. is the commercial plant material for production of tropane alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine. The wild-type Atropa belladonna is characterized by the hyoscyaminerich chemotype, in which the hyoscyamine content is much higher than the scopolamine content. It is the common goal for the pharmaceutical industry to increase the content of scopolamine in A. belladonna. Based on the T0 progeny of transgenic A. belladonna with NtPMT and HnH6H overexpression, T1 progeny of transgenic A. belladonna were obtained through self-pollination and used in a field trial. The 461 bp fragment of NtPMT and the 1 077 bp HnH6H were simultaneously expressed from T1 progeny of transgenic A. belladonna, but were not obtained from the wild-type A. belladonna. At the transcription level, the expression of NtPMT and HnH6H were detected in T1 progeny of transgenic A. belladonna, but were not detected in the wild-type plants. Further, the alkaloids were analyzed by HPLC. In the stems and leaves of T1 progeny of transgenic A. belladonna, hyoscyamine was not detected and scopolamine was detected at very high levels; in the stems and leaves of wild-type A. belladonna, hyoscyamine was detected at much higher levels. In the leaves of T1 progeny of transgenic A. belladonna, the content of scopolamine was 15-36 folds higher than that of wildtype leaves; in the stems of T1 progeny of transgenic A. belladonna, the scopolamine content was 37-108 folds higher than that of wild-type stems. In conclusion, overexpression of NtPMT and HnH6H greatly enhanced conversion of hyoscyamine into high-value scopolamine and improved the commercial value of A. belladonna.

Value of the ultrasonography in guiding closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation for femoral shaft fractures / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To study the ultrasonic image characteristics of the displaced femoral shaft fracture before and post reduction,and to explore its clinical significance in guiding the closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation.Methods Ultrasonic imaging features of 21 cases of femoral shaft fractures were observed.Closed reduction was completed under ultrasound monitoring,and the characteristics of ultrasonic imaging after fracture reduction were observed.Fixation of femoral fractures with intramedullary nails after closed reduction was completed.Results On the long axis of the femoral shaft,the ultrasonograms displayed a gap between two hyperechoic bands(step sign).On the cross section,two short arc hyperechoic bands can be seen(double short arc sign).After the completion of closed reduction,the step sign and double short arc sign disappeared.In the front and rear of the femoral shaft,there were 2 echo lines connected to a straight line.The line in front of the femoral parallel to the rear(continuous parallel sign).Continuous parallel sign indicated that reduction was achieved,the intramedullary nail guide pin could be successfully inserted into the femoral shaft,to complete the intramedullary nail fixation.Conclusions Ultrasound imaging shows step sign and double short arc syndrome when femoral shaft fracture displaced.Post fracture reduction,the imaging shows continuous parallel sign.Observing ultrasonic image characteristics of the displaced femoral shaft fracture is effective in assisting closed reduction and intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures.

Role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide on high glucose-induced inflammation mediated by necroptosis in H9c2 cardiac cells / 中国病理生理杂志

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the role of ATP-sensitive potassium ( KATP ) channels in the inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) on high glucose ( HG)-induced inflammation mediated by necroptosis in H 9c2 cardiac cells. METHODS:The expression levels of receptor-interacting protein 3 ( RIP3; an indicator of necroptosis ) and cyclooxyge-nase-2 (COX-2) were determined by Western blot.The levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) were detected by ELISA .RESULTS:After H9c2 cardiac cells were treated with 35 mmol/L glucose ( HG) for 24 h, the expression of RIP3 was significantly increased .Pre-treatment of the cells with 100 μmol/L diazoxide ( DZ; a KATP channel opener) or 400 μmol/L NaHS (a donor of H2S) for 30 min considerably blocked the up-regulation of RIP3 induced by HG.Moreover, pre-treatment of the cells with 100 μmol/L 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; a KATP channel blocker) attenuated the inhibitory effect of NaHS on HG-induced up-regulation of RIP3.On the other hand, co-treatment of the cells with 100μmol/L necrostatin-1 ( a specific inhibitor of necroptosis ) or pre-treatment of the cells with 100 μmol/L DZ or 400 μmol/L NaHS attenuated HG-induced inflammatory responses , evidenced by decreases in the expression of COX-2 and secretion levels of IL-1βand TNF-α.However , pre-treatment of the cells with 100 μmol/L 5-HD significantly attenuated the above anti-inflammatory effects of NaHS.CONCLUSION:KATP channels play an important role in the inhib-itory effect of H2 S on HG-induced inflammation mediated by necroptosis in H 9c2 cardiac cells.